【用英语讲中国故事】1.马面裙(视频+文本)
2023级保险学院学生供稿
解说:李潇雯、张子研
剪辑:闫梓涵
推荐教师:茅海红老师
马面裙,又名马面褶裙,中国古代女子主要裙式之一,前后里外共有四个裙门,两两重合,外裙门有装饰,内裙门装饰较少或无装饰,马面裙侧面打裥,裙腰多用白色布,取白头偕老之意,以绳或纽固结。
This is a Ming Dynasty horse-face skirt
这是明朝的马面裙
which is usually made of seven fabric panels.
它通常由七块织物面板组成
Each of three and a half panels
三块半的面板
being pieced together into a skirt panel
被拼接成裙片
with the two skirt panels forming a skirt,
两个裙片组成一条裙子
with the upper panels often decorated
上面的镶板通常
with auspicious motifs of rich meaning
以寓意丰富的吉祥图案装饰
or more elaborate dragon and cloud python motifs
或者更精致的龙和云蟒图案
for women from official families.
为来自官方家庭的女性设计
The combination of the horse-face and the skirt
马面和裙子的结合
is the basis for the richness and variety of the skirt’s form.
是裙子形式丰富多样的基础
This is the Lunar Corona (Yuehua) Skirt,
这是月华裙
a beautiful skirt from the late Ming Dynasty,
晚明的漂亮裙子
which was made up of ten panels of cloth
它是由十块布组成的
with increasingly dense pleats at the waist,
腰部褶皱越来越密
each with a different color
每一块布都有不同的颜色
and a different pattern within the pleats.
和褶皱内不同的图案
The skirt is elegantly colored and lightly painted
这条裙子的颜色淡雅
and when the wind blows,
当风吹起
the skirt looks soft and smooth like lunar corona,
裙子看起来像月光一样柔软光滑
hence the name Lunar Corona Skirt.
因此得名月华裙
The horse-face skirt developed into the Qing Dynasty
马面裙发展到清朝
and continued to be of the Ming Dynasty style
延续了明朝的风格
with elaborate decorations on the horse-face
马面上有精心制作的装饰
and the skirt with pleats as dence as a hundred pleats
这条裙子百褶密布
and edging between them,
并在这些褶皱之间镶边
giving rise to such formal categories as the side tuck,
产生了如下的正式类别侧裥式
the Langan and the phoenix tail.
襕干式 与凤尾式
The style formed by pleating the skirt on both sides
把马面裙两边的裙子打褶形成的样式
of the horse-face skirt is called the side tuck,
叫侧裥式
a common feature of Ming and Qing Dynasty horse-face skirts.
是明清马面裙的一个共同特征
In the Qing Dynasty,
在清朝
the pleats of the horse-face skirt were finer and denser,
马面裙的褶皱更细更密
symmetrical on both sides
两边对称
and arranged in a neat and orderly manner,
排列整齐
with the pleats being as few as a few dozen
褶皱少则几十
but as many as a hundred or even a hundred and sixty.
多达一百甚至一百六十个
The side tuck is also commonly known as the pleated skirt.
侧裥式也就是俗称的百褶裙
A unique method of decoration in Qing Dynasty,
清朝独特的装饰方法
horse-face skirts was to cut thin strips of dark satin
马面裙是用深色缎子剪成的细条
on the flat sides of the skirt to separate and roll it
在裙子的平边把它分开卷起来
with dozens of thin strips of satin
用几十条细细的缎子
dividing the skirt into orderly sections that looked like langan
把裙子分成有序的部分,看起来像栏杆
hence the name Langan.
因此得名襕(亦作阑)干式
The phoenix tail skirt has probably
凤尾裙可能是
the most varied style among horse-face skirts
马面裙中风格最多样的裙子
with the sides and front and back of the horse-face
马面的侧面和后面
no longer made of a continuous fabric
不再由连续织物制成
but replaced formally by long, thin strips of cloth,
而是正式被又长又细的布条所取代
which are no longer sufficient to cover the body,
它们不再足以覆盖身体
because of the large gaps between them,
因为它们之间有很大的间隙
so they are not worn alone,
所以它们不再被单独穿在身上
and are usually tied around
而是通常系在
the outside of the horse-face skirt as decoration.
马面裙的外侧作为装饰
The horse-face skirt of the early Republic of China era
民国初期的马面裙
was fastened with plastic buttons in addition to ties and coiled buttons.
除了系领带和盘扣外,还系了塑料纽扣
Compared to that of the Ming Dynasty,
与明朝相比
the skirt is slightly shorter and less wide
裙子稍微短一点,不那么宽
with a smaller hemline and a less complicated decoration.
裙摆更小,装饰也不那么复杂
Later, the buttons above the waist of the skirt were also removed.
后来,裙子腰部以上的纽扣也被去掉了
This simple skirt style contrasts sharply with
这种简单的裙子风格
the elaborate and complex horse-face skirt of the Qing Dynasty.
与清朝精致复杂的样式形成鲜明对比
After the Xinhai Revolution,
辛亥革命之后
the horse-face skirt still retained its gathers and pleats,
马面裙仍然保留着它的褶皱
but the waist became narrower and even disappeared.
但腰部变窄,甚至消失了
Without a strict form system,
没有严格的形制
the horse-face skirt was then used more freely.
马面裙的使用就更自由了
For example,
例如
some skirts no longer had pleats but only the skirt door.
有些裙子不再有褶皱,而是只有裙门
Sadly, the Mamianqun gradually disappered in the 1920s
令人感到悲伤的是,马面裙在20世纪20年代逐渐消失
After the May Fourth Movement,
五四运动之后
the western thought came into peoples mind
西方的思想开始进入人们的头脑
Then, Qipao and Western dress sliently took up the market
接着,旗袍和西式裙悄无声息地占据了市场
So, Mamianqun faded out in the public for nearly 90 years
因此,马面裙从此淡出了人们的视野近乎90年
As you see in the video
正如你在视频中所看到的那样
People at that time hardly dress Mamianqun
那时的人们几乎不穿马面裙
Instead, women more preferred the more convenient dress,
相反的,那时候的女性更倾向于穿着便利的裙子
For example, the western one or the traditional Chinese Qipao
西式裙和传统中国旗袍就是很好的例子
After that, the Anti-Japanese war broke out
在那之后,抗日战争爆发了
Basically, the Mamianqun was disappeared
基本上,马面裙从此销声匿迹了
However, the Internet makes the Mamianqun alive AGAIN
但是,互联网的出现让马面裙焕发生机
Thanks to the Internet, Mamianqun made a comeback in the public
多亏了互联网,马面裙再次出现在了公众的视野中
Now, more and more teenagers are eager to re-emerge this traditional Chinese dressing
现在,越来越多的青年人乐意去复现这一传统中国服饰
Moreover, they are introducing the traditional dressing to all over the world by dressing it in the public
他们甚至在公众场合穿着马面裙以向全世界介绍这一服装
Its becoming a worldwide trend.
马面裙正在变成一个世界流行的服饰
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